English III Irene Antoniazzi, Ed Delapine, Melanie Fishman, Marley Seaman
Period 7 Due Date : 11/23/98
 
 

Title : A Streetcar Named Desire

Author : Tenneessee Williams

Background:

It's a small, poorer section of New Orleans. On a small street called Elysian Fields, Blanche DuBois has come to see her sister. She comes bearing bad news. The family's money has run out, and with the loss of their estate, Belle Reves, Blanche has no hom, and must now stay with Stella and her husband, Stanley for a while. This news upsets Stella, who moved to New Orleans to escape the hardship and death that permeated Belle Reve. As Blanche familiarizes herself with her new surroundings, problems are already apparent. Her constant condescension to Stella, her reproachful attitude towards the living conditions, and her view of Stanley all provide seeds for later conflicts.

Setting:

New Orleans, street - Elysian Fields, 1947. A poorer section of the city.

Characters with descriptions

Blanche DuBois: She is about 30. When she appears in New Orleans, she appears to be the essence of purity. Wearing a white dress, she is delicate and cannot bear vulgar language. She is intelligent, yet prefers magic over realism. When she was 16, she married a young man who was gay. She found him in a compromising situation, and when she told him he disgusted her, he committed suicide, an act which would affect her for the rest of her life. To deal with the death, she began drinking and became rather promiscious. However, there were other reasons for all the men. She felt that she had dissatisfied her husband in some way, and she needed to fill her empy heart. Through the times of promisciuty, she managed to retain a sense of purity and innocence. She demands to be seen for what she wished to be, rather than what she really is. This is the reason for the paper lanterns, the constant bathing - she is creating her world of illusion. When Blanche meets Mitch, she shows him her world of illusion, and he falls in love with it, to the point that he asks her to marry him. When Stanley tells Mitch about the true Blanche, the illusion is shattered. He tries to tell this to Blanche, and she insists that he leave. While they were having this conversation, Stanley is at the hospital with Stella, who is in labor. When he comes home, Mitch is gone, and they get into an argument, which culminates with the rape of Blanche. This is the ultimate violation of Blanche, who was already in a shattered state. This destroys her completely, as she has no where left to turn. She loses whatever little sense she has left, and as Stella does not believe her, she is committed to an institution.

Stanley Kowalski: A factory worker, aged 28 - 30. Stanley is more ambitious than any of his friends. He is childish; he only cares about what he wants and is very rude. He is so concerned with getting his own way -- and hurting Blanche -- that he has no compunction about hurting Mitch, his friend, by telling him the truth about Blanche. He is a very dominating: he overpowers his timid wife, Stella, constantly, to keep her from leaving him. He does the same to his friends when he wants to. Stanley is also incredibly protective of Stella: he doubts everything about Blanche from the beginning, and tries to make sure that he and Stella are not being tricked by a con artist. He is very proud, and is enraged when Blanche calls him "common," or a "Polack." He seems incapable of subtlety, and does everything whole-heartedly: he loves Stella thoroughly and hates Blanche vehemently. Stanley is honest to the point of brutality, and he does not care about offending others, -- he even brags to Mitch about raping Blanche. He despises Blanche becauses she is the opposite of his honesty; she thrives on illusion and pretense. His hatred of Blanche is so great that he rapes her, causing her final mental breakdown.

Stella Kowalski: Stella is the connecting figure to two different worlds - the supposed
royalty world of Blanche DuBois and the more common world of Stanley Kowalski. Stella is five years younger than Blanche, about 25, and has been submissive to her for her entire life. Blanche and Stanley both attempt to influence her, and they succeed, to a degree. Stella said "Mr. Kowalski is too busy making a pig of himself to think of anything else!" This statement shows a direct influence from Blanche on Stella, as Stella never would have said that if she was alone. However, Stanley pulls his weight as well. He reminds her of all the wonderful times and nights they had together before Blanche came. He also succeeds in convincing her that his side of the rape story is the true one, which is the true goal of the power of influence within the book. Stella is the only place where a connection between Blanche and Stanley could occur. She is a mix of the two worlds. She still has many of the qualities instilled in her at Belle Reve, yet she does not let that get in the way of her having some fun. As she is so entangled between two completely opposite worlds, she is stuck and eventually, is forced to side with one of the two.
She is not strong, and therefore the "winner" of the battle is the one who gets her to side with them, Stanley.

Harold Mitchell (Mitch): A friend of Stanley's from the plant. The two are about the same age. Mitch falls in love with Blanche, and wants to marry her. He is very sensitive. There are two reasons for this: the death of the girl he loved in his youth, and the terminal illness of his mother, who has no more than a few months to live. This sensitivity makes him feel very awkward sometimes. Mitch is, in Blanche's words, "capable of great devotion:" he wants to stay home to make sure his mother is alright, and is so concerned about her that it hampers his enjoyment of the card game with his friends. He has a very close relationship with his mother, exemplified by the fact that he tells her about Blanch and his great concern for her. This makes his mother's impending death even harder for him to take. Mitch is not very intelligent, and so he cannot see through Blanche's feigned innocence or her lies. Mitch is a gentleman, especially compared to his friends, Stanley in particular. He is also is very trusting. He refuses to believe Stanley when he first says that Blanche has been lying to him, and he is deeply hurt when he finds out that Stanley has been right. This pain is compounded because he had never suspected her dishonesty before. The fact that his mother wants to see him married before she dies makes breaking up with Blanche even harder for him. In the final scene, he breaks down after seeing Blanche, and realizes that he has lost her because he did not appreciate her great sensitivity.
 

Detailed plot summary :

The story opens in Elysian fields, and Blanche has just arrived from her former home. She arrives at Stella's home, and meets Stanley for the first time. At first they seem to be getting along well enough. This, however, will change as time goes on. Blanche tells Stanely of her past, including a man she was once very close to. Unfortunately, this man died. Blanche gets taken out to dinner later on that night while Stan hosts one of his periodic poker games. Stan, upon learning of the loss of Belle Reve, raises his suspicions about Blanche. Spouting such odd arguments as "The Napoleonic Code", a New Orlean law which state, "whatever belongs to the husband belongs to the wife, and vice versa.", Stan believes that Blanche may be holding out a portion of the auction money for Belle Reve. He proceeds to go through Blanche's things, looking for the auction papers, finding many expensive objects in the process. This greatly upsets Stella. Unfortunately, Blanche arrives home before Stanley is finished with his search. However, rather than getting upset, She calmly explains to Stan, while at the same time performing something tantamount to flirtation, that the house was lost, not sold. After her relatives squandered their savings on women and luxuries, there wasn't enough to pay for the necessities. So, parts of the estate were sold, and all that was left was the estate and 20 acres.... until now. All the remaining DuBois have died, and there was nothing Blanche could do. Neither the flirtation nor the explanation quells Stanley, who insists on having the papers inspected closely. Upon reaching for the papers, Stanley finds a few love letters written to Blanche. This discovery, and irreverent treatment of them, makes her VERY upset, for an unknown reason...and so Blanche and Stella go out.

A few hours later, Stanley is hosting a poker game with his friends. Steve and Pablo, the "typical men", proceed to tell jokes and laugh heartily along with Stanley. Meanwhile, Mitch, the "sensitive one", can't keep from worrying about his sick mother. These laments went unrequited by his friends, as they continue the game. Not long after, Stella and Blanche come back, to find the game still in progress. Stanley treats Blanche with a callous air, and the women walk back into the bedroom. Upon going to the bathroom, Blanche meets Mitch. He awkwardly says hello, and leaves. He has, however, talked long enough to rouse Blanche's interest, as she states "He seems.... superior to the others." He meets up with her soon after, and gets to know her better. They share love stories, and Mitch shows her his silver cigarette case, given to him by a dying love. The poker game continues. Stanley, drunk, complains of the noise the women are making. His anger mounts as Blanche taunts him, and soon erupts into full violence as he hits Stella very hard. Subsequently, his anger subsides. Blanche, screaming for both Stella and her unborn baby, is too shocked to stay in the house, and accompanys stella up to Eunice's. By this time, Stanley calmed down, and instantly regrets his decisions. He makes pleas, both over the phone and by shouting out the window, for Stella to come back to him, but to no avail. Finally, in what becomes a classic literary moment, he screams, with heaven splitting violence, "STE-LAHHH!!!", but she still refuses to come down. This moves Stanley to full tears....Meanwhile, outside, Mitch consoles Blanche, and gets to know her better.

The next morning, Blanche is shocked to find that Stella has gone back to Stanley. Stella speaks very matter of factly, stating that this kind of thing isn't uncommon, and that Stanley was drunk. Blanche cannot accept this, however, and begins concocting a plan to get them both out of this situation. Blanche realizes she can call upon an old college friend, Shep Huntleigh, that she had recently run into, for help. Stella complains that this is too sudden, but Blanche persists in her plans. Not only does she persist, but she proceeds to knock Stanley's entire heritage, calling him a primitive animal with no redeemable qualities whatsoever, all of which Stanley overhears.  Feigning ignorance, he walks back into the house. Stella in defiance of her sister, embraces Stanley, much to Blanche's horror. Stanley gives Blanche a knowing smile.

It has started raining, and Blanche is writing her letter to Shep Huntleigh. Stella is getting ready to go out with Stan. She offers to take Blanche along with her, but Blanche refuses, on quite obvious grounds. After her last few meetings with Stanley, she doesn't want to be anywhere near him. While she's alone, a young paper boy comes to collect. Blanche has no money, but she begins flirting with him. This flirtation, unreturned yet persistant, is a insight into Blanche's past, which will be revealed later. After kissing the boy squarely on the lips, she sends him away, just in time to meet Mitch, bringing her some flowers.

After a somewhat unsuccessful attempt at a date, Mitch and Blanche retire to the Kowalski's apartment, where Mitch reveals how much he regrets their incompatibility. They make some attempt at a romantic end to the evenning, having a drink by candle light. They talk casually about such things as life, weight, and clothing styles. After dissuading Mitch from kissing her, she asks him about what Stanley has said about her. He refuses to say, and inevitably the conversation turns to personal feelings. Mitch is forced to talk about his dying mother, a very difficult topic for him. He admits how mother worries about his being lonely when she dies, and him not settling down. Blanche admits she knows about what loneliness is like, and finally reveals something of her past. Her only husband, back when she was very young, seemed to have a problem he was trying to fix by marrying her. She had no idea what it was.... until she caught him in bed with another man. Upon realizing he was gay, she tried to ignore it for her sake more than his. But, her emotions got the better of her one night, and she told him how much he digusted her. He proceeded to shoot himself in the head. Blanche breaks down in Mitch's arms.

While Blanche "soaks in a hot tub," Stanley reveals the information he has found about her to Stella. He has found out the following from a supply man : After Blanche lost Belle Reve she moved to the Hotel Flamingo and became Dame Blanche. She became extremely promiscuous and the hotel eventually threw her out. A nearby army camp referred to her place as "Out of Bounds." She was regarded as being crazy. Blance did not resign from teaching. She lost her job after it was discovered that she was having relations with a seventeen-year-old boy. She was pratically thrown out of Laurel. Stella reveals some information about Blanche that was less recent. Blanche had married very young to a poet who, it was later discovered, was homosexual. Stanley tells Stella that he told Mitch what he had learned about Blanche, and that Mitch is no longer going to marry her. Stanley also makes it clear to her that Blanche will not stay later than Tuesday. Blanche emerges from her bath and instantly knows that something has happened with her sister. Later, Blanche, Stella and Stanley have an awkward dinner. Blanche calls Mitch to find out why he didn't show up. Stanley gives Blanche the ticket back to Laurel. Stanley starts to leave for bowling but Stella stops him and they begin to argue. Stanley explains that the reason he is so upset with Blanche is because before she arrived, he and Stella never had any problems. At the end of the scene, Stella weakens and asks Stanley to take her to the hospital as she thinks she may be going into labor. Mitch visits Blanche. Mitch takes the paper lantern off the lamp so that he can look at Blanche in the plain light. He tells her that she's older than he thought but that he doesn't mind that. The part he's upset about is that she lied to him all summer. Blanche admits to her promiscuous past and explains that after the death of her husband it was the only way she could find comfort. She was glad to find Mitch because he seemed more gentle than the rest of the world. A Mexican Woman passes nearby peddling "Flores para los muertes" (Flowers for the
dead). Blanche begins to describe what life was like while Belle Reve was slipping away. She explains how they lived with blame and death and loss. She describes how, to escape from it, she would have intimacies with drunken soldiers. Mitch tries to embrace her and Blanche asks if he will marry her. He says that she isn't clean enough to bring into a house with his mother. She tells him to leave. When he doesn't, she starts yelling "Fire!" and Mitch leaves.

Later, when Stanley arrives home, Blanche is playing dress-up with and old costume dress and a rhinestone tiara. She is talking to imaginary suitors. Stanley tells her that Stella will have her baby in the morning. Blanche tells him that she has received a wire from an old millionaire friend inviting her on a Carribean Cruise. She also tells him what happened with Mitch, but she adds in a story about Mitch coming back with roses to beg her forgiveness. Stanley sees through both lies.   He goes into the bathroom to put on the silk pajamas that he wore on his wedding night. Blanche tries to call the millionaire she claimed sent the wire, but she changes her mind. She then tries to call Western Union to send a telegraph asking for help. Stanley reenters in the pajamas and corners Blanche in the bedroom. She breaks a liquor bottle and threatens him with it, but he overpowers her and takes her to the bed. He rapes her.

Months later, Stella has come to a difficult decision. She realized that she could not believe Blanche's story about the rape and go on living with Stanley. Since she, by this time, had her baby to think about, she commited her sister to a mental institutuion. Mitch is distraught over what has happened to Blanche. Blanche has slipped entirely into delusion. She believes that she is going away with her millionaire. When the Doctor and Matron arrive to take Blanche there is a brief struggle but she eventually goes along willingly, explaining that she has "always depended on the kindness of strangers." As she leaves, Stella, overidden with guilt, collapses into sobs and Stanley goes to comfort her. The play ends.
 

Key Issues:

  1. Family - The most critical part of the play is when Stella chooses Stanley over Stella. Stella must choose between Blanche, her sister, and Stanley, her husband. She must decide whether or not to accept Stanley's pronouncement's about Blanche's dishonesty, and also whether or not to believe Stanley raped Blanche, as Blanche claims. Spousal abuse is another great family conflict and theme. Stanley abuses Stella verbally and physically. An example of physical abuse is when Stanley slaps Stella during the poker game. Blanche mentions this, and is verbally abused by Stanley. She also feels that she needs to get Stella out of the house for their own safety and sanity. However, Stanley feels he is simply looking out for Stella's best interest, as she is pregnant.
  2. The past - Blanche's past haunts her: Alan's suicide, the loss of Belle Reve and the deaths of her loved ones all play heavily upon her mind.
  3. Facing reality - Blanche is too delicate to deal with what has become of her life. She relies on illusion to escape it, feigning innocence and happiness. After Stanley rapes her, Blanche loses the ability to differentate between her fabrications and reality. Also, one major reason for the personality clash between Stanley and Blanche is their conflicting views on reality. Stanley is always brutally honest, and Blanche preferers illusions and niceties.

Lessons, Morals, Applications to Life :

A Streetcar Named Desire contains issues from life; a guilty feeling of abandonment, the anger and frustration between two complete opposites, and the violation of a rape. Stella abandons her sister to try to make things work with her husband. She knows that she cannot stay neutral this last time. As Blanche is taken away, Stella is overcome with feelings of guilt, loss, and betrayal. She has abandoned her sister for her husband, which people in reality tend to do. in many family conflicts, one with side with their mate, even if they risk putting their family aside.

Stanley and Blanche are opposities, trying to coexist in a small area and failing miserably. Her refusal to deal with Stanley and his rough nature causes her to revert further and further into her world of pretend, as he becomes more and more rough, culminating in the rape of Blanche by Stanley. She has mocked him in his home, and he cannot deal with her and her lies. He violates her in the most personal way, and she cannot deal with any semblance of reality anymore. If this rape had happened in 1999, it would have been all over the news, it would have been one the greatest crimes and/or scandals in local news. In the small neighborhood of Stanley's flat, it would have been news within the local area. However, if the rape was not believe and did not make the news, the commitment of Blanche to the mental institution would not have been made a big deal, for if it was, the family would never be looked at in the same light again. After the rape, Blanche losses her mind. Her world becomes a world of almost complete fantasy. Blanche feels that she is the picture of femininity. She tries to be prim and proper, but fails the minute she says anything degrading about Stanley to Stella. Along those lines, Blanche's world of fantasy has been created by the lies that she cannot seem to stop telling. When she lies, she tended to contradict herself, revealing the falsities. When Stanley caught hold of this, he called a few people, found out the truth and destroyed her world. Had Blanche simply been truthful, and accepted her past, she may not have found herself in the sticky situation that she found herself in.
 

Conflicts:

  1. Blanche's delusion vs. Reality
  2. Blanche's delusion vs. Mitch
  3. Blanche's need to believe that she is superior vs. Stanley's need to feel powerful
  4. Stella's love for Blanche vs. Stella's dependency on Stanley

Themes:

- Dependence. Blanche depends on the Kowalski's for support. Stella depends on Stanley for love and monetary support. Mitch depends on Blanche for companionship after his mother dies.

- Money. Blanche finds keeping the appearance of luxury very important. Stanley wants to make sure Blanche isn't cheating him out of money.

- Moving On. Stella tries to move on after leaving Belle Reve. Blanche tries to find new love after her first husband kills himself. Stanley tries to apologize for his rough action and forget them.

- Death. Blanche's husband kills himself. Many of the DuBois have already died. Mitch's only love had died, and his mother is about to die.

- Making the best of what you've got. Blanche must forget her past and find new happiness. Stella has accepted her less luxurious surrounding upon marrying Stanley. Many people in her apartment building must deal with physical abuse, Stella included.

- Superiority. Blanche constantly looks down on Stanley, and the general surroundings. Stanley hates Blanche for it.

- Desperation. Blanche only comes to Elysian Fields because she has to. Mitch is rushing things with Blanche because his mother is about to die.

- Pretense. Blanche fools everyone into thinking she's better than she is. Stanley pretends he hasn't heard anything Blanche said about him. Blanche tried to pretend her husband wasn't gay.

Works Cited

Thayer, Marion P. Cliffnotes, The Glass Menagerie and A StreetCar Named Desire. Lincoln, Nebraska: Cliffs Notes Incorporated, 1997 Printing.